Lung Cancer

Your lungs are complex, yet delicate organs that replenish the oxygen in your blood with every breath you take. Each lung is divided into lobes and connected in the middle of your chest by your trachea and bronchia. The hilum carries critical vessels to and from your lungs and anchors each lung in place. Read on to learn more about the hilum, including its functions, potential illnesses to be aware of, and tips for healthy lungs. The hilum is what connects your lungs to their supporting structures and where pulmonary vessels enter and exit your lungs. The hilum — or root — functions much like a plant root, securing each lung in place and providing a channel for energy to pass through. Each hilum is in a flat area at the center of each lung, toward your spine or the back of your lungs (medial surface). The hilum is located between your fifth and seventh thoracic vertebrae in your spine. The hilum is visible as a triangular section at the inner midpoint of each lung. It is the space wher...

The FDA has granted full approval to pembrolizumab (Keytruda) for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) and are not deemed eligible for platinum-containing chemotherapy. Pembrolizumab's original indication had been granted an accelerated indication based off the tumor response rate and duration of response with continued approval remaining contingent upon certification of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials. "While the treatment landscape has evolved, an unmet need remains for appropriate patients newly diagnosed with certain types of advanced urothelial carcinoma who are not eligible for platinum-containing chemotherapy," Scot Ebbinghaus, MD, vice president, clinical research, Merck Research Laboratories, stated in a press release. "We are confident in the role [pembrolizumab] will continue to play for these patients who have few other treatment options and are working with urgency to advance studies to help mor...

IT'S the most common form of cancer in the UK - killing seven Brits every day. But, would you know if you were developing skin cancer? Can you tell the dangerous moles from the harmless? 6 All of the above are dangerous: 1. Basal cell carcinoma 2. BCC on the trunk 3. Malignant melanoma on the neck 4. BCC on the trunk 5. BCC on the shoulder 6. Mixed melanoma Caught early, skin cancer has a good survival rate - 90 per cent if the disease is detected at stage one. And experts estimate 86 per cent of cases are preventable. Millions of Brits are putting their lives at risk, with one-in-ten - including kids as young as eight - using sunbeds. Doing so before the age of 35 increases your chance of developing melanoma - the deadliest form of skin cancer - by a horrific 87 per cent. That's why Fabulous launched the Dying For A Tan campaign, to raise awareness of the dangers sunbeds pose. The most common sign of skin cancer is a change to a mole, freckle or normal p...

Introduction The incidence of intraocular metastases is about 8%–10%. 1 Approximately 88% of eye metastases occur in the choroid, 2 with the majority originating from breast cancer (47%) and lung cancer (21%). 2,3 The clinical symptoms of lung cancer with choroid metastases (CM) are apparent, and approximately 35% of ocular metastases are detected prior to diagnosis of lung cancer. 2 Timely diagnosis and interventions for such patients are extremely important because of the poor prognosis. Ocular radiotherapy is considered a standard treatment option for intraocular metastatic tumors. Subsequently, other local or systemic treatments have gradually emerged in the setting of well-established cancer therapeutics, while various treatment modalities and sophisticated combination approaches remain controversial. Epidemiology Metastases are the most common ocular malignancies, with the uvea being the site most often affected. Approximately, 88% of metastases occur in the posterio...

Melanoma is a highly aggressive cutaneous malignancy with considerable risk for metastasis. In dermatologic and diagnostic pathology, we divide melanomas into 4 subtypes based on the different characteristics of their histopathology, including diffuse surface, nodular, freckled, and terminal pigmented melanomas. These malignant tumors are typically pigmented given that they arise from melanocytes, who can produce melanin. Considering the disease's metastasis and related mortality mainly depends on the thickness of the tumor and the depth of invasion, thus early detection and correct diagnosis are important to improve the prognosis of patients with melanoma. However, it is difficult to make an accurate diagnosis for melanoma at early stage in China [10]. In our present case, this patient had large polyps on her vulvar skin, but she did not look for help from professionals. Until nearly a month, she found that the lesion was prone to bleed after friction, so she came to our hospital ...

A lump on your jawline that is soft and can be moved with your fingers is usually not a reason to be concerned and will often go away on its own. But there are a few causes of a movable lump on your jawbone that may indicate that you need to call a doctor. Let's take a look at seven of the most common causes of this symptom. Lymph glands are located underneath your skin, including one on each side of your neck bordering your jawline. Your lymph nodes are glands that store white blood cells. When you're fighting an infection, these glands can become swollen as your body's immune system works overtime to help fight it. You may notice the swelling in the form of a movable lump on one or both sides of your jaw. These lumps may feel soft but be painful or sore to the touch. Chills, fever, or a runny nose can also indicate that you're experiencing a swollen lymph node. Exposure to allergens and allergic reactions can cause swelling in your lymph nodes and other parts of your ...

Joel Neal, MD, PhD: Let's go into treatment approaches. We covered a bit about how the patients have been treated historically, but I think it's worth going into our treatment approach in the first-line setting. Alex, what do you offer patients with newly diagnosed EGFR exon 20 insertion that you found before you started other treatment? That's 1 of the keys—waiting 2 or 3 weeks for the mutation results for those patients with high-probability EGFR mutations. What's your preferred therapy? Let's say there's a patient with a couple of tiny brain metastases, at 3 mm or so—not a large burden in the middle of the lungs, adenocarcinoma. Alexander I. Spira, MD, PhD, FACP: I'm a carboplatin-pemetrexed person. I'm sure most of us are. I usually shy away from the I/O [immuno-oncology] agents. There aren't a lot of data in this situation, obviously, but I expand on what's known about the exon 19s and exon 21s and that immunotherapy really does not work th...