Lung Cancer

Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer. Black people with melanoma have a higher risk of dying from the condition for various reasons. Melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer, is more common in white people than in Black people. Only about 1 in 1,000 Black people will develop melanoma, but doctors typically diagnose melanoma much later in Black people, increasing their risk of developing a serious case. Knowing how to identify melanoma on darker skin can be lifesaving. Darker skin produces more melanocytes. These color pigments help protect the skin from sun damage, including the kind of damage that causes skin cancer. Darker skin is less likely to burn, causing some people to mistakenly believe that Black people cannot get skin cancer. Consequently, some people may not check their skin for skin cancer. They may also delay seeing their doctors for skin changes. And when they do see a doctor, a doctor may take their concerns less seriously because of the relatively low rat...

Scientists at Newcastle University have identified the mechanism for skin cancer growth. Their research, published in the  British Journal of Dermatology , describes how early-stage melanomas at risk of spreading secrete a growth factor, called TGFβ2, which causes the reduction, or downregulation, of the proteins AMBRA1 and Loricrin, both of which are found in the skin overlaying the tumour. The growth factor TGFβ2 also causes the loss of claudin-1, which in turn leads to loss of skin integrity, facilitating ulceration. Senior author Professor Penny Lovat, Professor of Cellular Dermatology and Oncology at Newcastle University, and Chief Scientific Officer at AMLo Biosciences, explained: "AMBRA1, Loricrin and Claudin 1 are all proteins key to maintaining the integrity of the upper layer of the skin," and that the loss of these proteins causes gaps to develop, allowing the tumour to spread and ulcerate - a proce...

The signs and symptoms of lung cancer in women can differ from those commonly seen in men. Different types of lung cancer affect different parts of the lungs, and the incidence of types of lung cancer varies between men and women. In addition to traditional symptoms, such as a persistent cough or coughing up blood, women are more likely to first experience fatigue and the gradual onset of shortness of breath. Since these changes are subtle, a person may dismiss them as being due to inactivity or normal aging. Lung cancer tends to be more advanced when diagnosed in women. The first symptoms may be related to this spread to bones, the brain, and other regions of the body. This article will explore the frequent and rare symptoms of lung cancer in women, the differences in how lung cancer develops in men and women, complications, and when you should contact your doctor. maruco / Getty Images Differences Between Men and Women There are a number...

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Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is a rare type of skin cancer that appears on the palms of the hands, the soles of the feet, or under the nails. ALM is unique because it is an aggressive form of melanoma that is not caused by sunlight and ultraviolet (UV) rays that damage the skin. ALM commonly appears as a rapidly spreading, darkly pigmented patch, with varying degrees of colors and irregular borders. This article will explain the common symptoms and complications, and you'll learn when you should see your healthcare provider for evaluation. Callista Images / Getty Images Frequent Symptoms The earliest sign of acral lentiginous melanoma is an oddly shaped and discolored patch of skin surrounded by normal skin. The skin may be raised; black, gray, tan, red, or brown in color; and have irregular borders. Sometimes a brown or tan streak may appear under the nail of your hands or feet, especially the big toe or thumb. As with other f...

General Information Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a malignant epithelial neuroendocrine tumor consisting of small cells with scant cytoplasm, ill-defined cellular borders, finely granular nuclear chromatin, and absent or inconspicuous nucleoli. SCLC accounts for about 13%-15% of lung cancer cases; it can be further classified as pure SCLC or combined SCLC (with mixture of small and non-small cell histology) It is characterized by rapid doubling time, high growth fraction, and widespread metastases early in disease; patients often present with hematogenous metastases SCLC is suspected in patients with a history of cigarette smoking, coughing, hemoptysis, wheezing, dyspnea, and/or chest pain. Risk Factors for Lung Cancer Tobacco smoke Almost all cases of SCLC are related to tobacco use > 90% of cases occur in elderly current or past heavy smokers Risk of SCLC increases with increasing duration and intensity of smoking Environmental exposu...

This article was originally published here J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2022 Jan 25. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2021.0223. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Introduction: This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of sex-related characteristics of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM), with special reference to its incidence, clinicopathological profile, overall survival, and treatment-related costs. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included all 1,279 CMM patients who were registered in 2015 in the Veneto Cancer Registry (a population-based registry including all 4,900,000 regional residents). The by-sex comparisons included tumor stage and site, histological subtype, and other clinical-pathological variables. A Cox regression analysis was used to test the association between sex and survival, adjusting for the main covariates. Treatment costs were calculated by linking patients with several administrative regional databases. Results: Age-specific incidence rates were ...

Although advances in metastatic non–small cell lung cancer treatment have dramatically impacted cancer mortality, the translation of these approaches to earlier-stage NSCLC has just begun to bear fruit. Although advances in metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment have dramatically impacted cancer mortality, 1 the translation of these approaches to earlier-stage NSCLC has just begun to bear fruit. The recent publications of the ADAURA (NCT02511106) and IMpower010 (NCT02486718) trials suggest that the incorporation of adjuvant targeted therapy and immunotherapy, respectively, may improve disease-free survival (DFS) following definitive surgery in selected populations with stage IB to IIIA NSCLC. 2,3 Although many questions remain, including whether DFS is an appropriate end point in earlier-stage NSCLC, 4 early adopters have found the option of additional treatment reassuring to those patients who want to be sure they have done "everything" and for those with...