Lung Cancer Among People Who Never Smoked
Is Cervical Cancer The Same As Uterine Cancer?
The cervix and uterus are connected. But cervical cancer and uterine cancer are different in their underlying causes, symptom presentation, and the location where cancer cells originate.
Cervical cancer and uterine cancer are two separate cancer diagnoses.
Even though the cervix connects to the base of the uterus, these female reproductive structures have different cellular makeups and functions and are considered distinct anatomical organs.
Cancer types are determined by where the cancerous growth begins.
If cancer starts in the lining of your uterus (endometrium) or its muscle and connective tissue, the diagnosis is uterine cancer. If cancer begins in the cells of your cervix (the lower end of the uterus), the diagnosis is cervical cancer.
Developing cervical cancer and uterine cancer at the same time is possible but very rare.
Cervical and uterine cancer may have similar symptoms in some cases.
Both cancers may manifest with:
Telltale differences between the symptoms of cervical and uterine cancer aren't always present, but some variation in overall symptom presentation has been noted in research and clinical settings.
Neither cervical nor uterine cancer typically has noticeable signs in early stages. Abnormal vaginal bleeding is a symptom in up to 90% of people with uterine cancer. Bleeding after menopause is the most common case of abnormal vaginal bleeding in these cases.
Abnormal vaginal bleeding is also common in cervical cancer, but some people with the condition may never experience it. If it does occur, it's typically associated with activities that directly affect the cervix, like vaginal intercourse, pelvic examinations, or douching.
In addition to abnormal bleeding, someone with advanced uterine cancer may develop a noticeable mass in the abdomen, which isn't the case in cervical cancer. This is due to the larger size and more central positioning of the uterus.
Different underlying factors are associated with uterine cancer and cervical cancer.
Some HPV types create proteins that alter the natural regulation of cells in your cervix, contributing to uncontrolled cellular growth and promoting the longevity of abnormal cells that can lead to cancer.
The exact causes of uterine cancer aren't yet established, but experts theorize that imbalances in reproductive hormones, like estrogen and progesterone, may foster an environment where cancerous cells in the uterus can thrive.
Genetics, age, weight, overall health status, lifestyle habits, and environmental factors, like intrauterine device (IUD) usage, may be additional risk factors for uterine cancer that, in turn, could also affect hormone balance.
While cervical cancer and uterine cancer may be associated with genetic, environmental, and physiological factors, cervical cancer is primarily linked to high risk HPV. Uterine cancer, on the other hand, is generally associated with hormonal dysfunctions.
Treatment for cervical and uterine cancers depends on the stage at the time of diagnosis. Different types of biopsies, diagnostic imaging, medication, and surgery may be required.
Diagnosis
Doctors typically diagnose cervical cancer through a routine screening test called a Pap smear, which allows them to sample and evaluate cervical cells.
If the test results are abnormal, a doctor may want to examine the cervix more closely through colposcopy, a procedure that uses a lighted microscope to view the tissue of the cervix with a magnified lens.
If a doctor detects unusual changes, they may want to take small samples of tissue during a colposcopy. These samples are then sent to a laboratory for a closer assessment.
Diagnosing uterine cancer typically begins with a transvaginal ultrasound to assess the thickness of your uterine walls and endometrium. A doctor may also collect a biopsy sample to view the cells of the uterus under a microscope.
Treatment
Healthcare professionals treat early stage cervical cancer by surgically removing some or all of the cervix. In advanced cervical cancer, a doctor may recommend a type of hysterectomy to remove the uterus and the cervix, maintaining both ovaries.
Surgery for both cancers may be followed by rounds of radiation therapy or chemotherapy, depending on the stage. Radiation and chemotherapy help kill cancer cells that may have been left behind by surgery or may be undetected in other areas of the body.
Most cervical cancers involve simultaneous chemotherapy and radiation therapy. A doctor may recommend hormone therapy in addition to chemotherapy for certain types of uterine cancer.
Immunotherapy works by improving your immune system's ability to fight cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, like PD-1 inhibitors, help T cells respond to cancer cells.
Targeted medications are designed to modulate biological processes involved in cancer's growth and spread.
Drugs to treat cervical cancer may include:
Targeted drugs to treat uterine cancer may include:
Survival rates for cervical and uterine cancers are similar. When detected early, both cancers are highly treatable and remission is possible.
The American Cancer Society reports that the 5-year survival rate for localized cervical cancer is 91%, compared to the 5-year survival rate for localized endometrial cancer (the most common form of uterine cancer), which is 95%.
Survival rate refers to the percentage of people that is still alive 5 years after receiving their diagnosis.
Because both cancers may develop without symptoms, regular screening is recommended to detect early changes and improve treatment outcomes.
Cervical cancer and uterine cancer are separate diagnoses. Cervical cancer originates in the cells of the cervix, and uterine cancer develops in the muscle, connective tissue, or lining of the uterus.
Abnormal vaginal bleeding and discharge are common symptoms of both cancers, but differences may exist in bleeding patterns and presentation. Cervical and uterine cancers have different underlying causes and similar but individualized treatment approaches.
5 Ways To Prevent Cervical Cancer, As Per Doctor
Cervical cancer is a serious condition that affects many women worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Here are five ways to keep your cervix cancer-free, as per Dr Kaishreen Khan.
Cervical cancer is a serious condition that affects many women worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality rates. However, there are proactive steps that can be taken to prevent it. We spoke to Dr Kaishreen Khan, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist at Motherhood Hospitals, Kharadi, Pune, and she shared five key ways to reduce the risk of cervical cancer and maintain a healthy cervix.
What Is Cervical Cancer?Cervical cancer develops in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. The condition occurs when the cells in the cervix undergo abnormal changes, often caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted virus.
HPV is the primary cause of cervical cancer, and while there are over 100 types of HPV, only a few are known to cause cancer. The risk factors for cervical cancer include having multiple sexual partners, weak immunity, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and obesity. Symptoms of cervical cancer may include vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, painful intercourse, abnormal discharge, and issues while urinating.
5 Ways To Prevent Cervical CancerHere are five ways to keep your cervix cancer-free, as per Dr Kaishreen Khan:
1. Regular Screening And Pap SmearsDr. Khan stresses the importance of regular screenings to detect any abnormal cell changes before they become cancerous. "Regular screenings such as Pap smears and HPV tests can detect precancerous changes in the cervix," she says. These tests are essential for early detection and should be done at regular intervals. The recommended guidelines are to get an HPV test every 5 years, or a combined Pap and HPV test every 5 years, and a Pap test alone every 3 years. This proactive step helps in identifying issues early and can significantly reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer.
Another critical step in preventing cervical cancer is vaccination against HPV. Dr Khan explains, "The HPV vaccine is a vital strategy to reduce the risk of cervical cancer. The vaccine works best when administered before the onset of sexual activity, but it is also beneficial for those who may have been previously exposed to the virus." The vaccine is both safe and effective, offering protection against the types of HPV that cause most cervical cancers. Dr Khan advises getting vaccinated as per the recommended guidelines, which can be an important measure for both young girls and older women.
Take charge of your wellness journey—download the HerZindagi app for daily updates on fitness, beauty, and a healthy lifestyle!
GET APP✕Practicing safe sex is another crucial way to reduce the risk of HPV transmission and, subsequently, cervical cancer. According to Dr. Khan, "Having sex with a partner who has had multiple sexual partners increases your risk of HPV exposure, which can lead to cervical cancer." Using barrier methods such as condoms during sexual activity helps reduce the chances of HPV infection and other STDs.
Don't Miss:HPV Vaccine: Everything About Cervical Cancer Prevention Answered By Expert
Dr. Khan also emphasises the importance of open conversations about sexual health. "Cultivating a supportive environment where women feel comfortable discussing sexual health leads to more informed choices and early interventions," she explains. When women are educated and aware of the risks, they can make better decisions about their health. Regular check-ups and consultations with healthcare providers, especially if there are symptoms such as abnormal bleeding or discharge, are vital. Early intervention can make a significant difference in preventing cervical cancer.
5. Quit SmokingOne of the most effective lifestyle changes that women can make is quitting smoking. Dr. Khan notes that smoking significantly increases the risk of cervical cancer. "Quitting smoking is essential for women to reduce their risk of developing cervical cancer and to maintain overall health," she advises. Smoking weakens the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off HPV infections and increasing the likelihood of cancerous cell changes in the cervix.
Cervical cancer is preventable, and following these five expert-backed steps can significantly reduce the risk.
Don't Miss:Cervical Cancer: Indian Government To Make HPV Vaccines Available In Primary Schools
Image Credits: Freepik
If you liked this story, then please share it. To read more such stories, stay connected to HerZindagi.
Signs And Symptoms Of Uterine Cancer
Uterine cancer is the most common cancer of the female reproductive system in the United States, causing symptoms such as pelvic pain and unusual vaginal bleeding. Most uterine cancer begins in the lining of the uterus (endometrium), a hollow muscular organ used during pregnancy to help grow a fetus.
People assigned female at birth who are 50 years or older have the highest risk of uterine cancer, though anyone with a uterus at any age can develop this condition.
Design by Health / Getty Images
The uterus lining grows and thickens throughout the menstrual cycle to help prepare the uterus for pregnancy. When pregnancy does not occur, the uterine lining sheds, signaling the start of your period. In people with uterine cancer, abnormal growth occurs in the uterus lining, which can cause a variety of symptoms depending on how far the cancer has spread. If you develop uterine cancer, you may experience these common symptoms: Abnormal vaginal bleeding, such as when you're not menstruating or during or after menopause Heavier or longer menstrual periods Pelvic pain Pain while having sex There are four stages of uterine cancer, and each stage can cause different or worsening symptoms. The earlier you receive a diagnosis, the milder your symptoms and the better your long-term health outcomes will generally be. There is no current screening test for uterine cancer, and a pap smear test that helps screen for cervical cancer will not give any information about possible signs of uterine cancer. That's why it's important to pay attention to your body and report any symptoms associated with uterine cancer to your healthcare provider. Early-Stage Symptoms Typically, uterine cancer diagnosed at an earlier stage has not grown outside of the uterus. The most common symptom of early-stage uterine cancer is abnormal vaginal bleeding. This symptom can persist during any stage of uterine cancer. Advanced-Stage Symptoms If you receive a diagnosis of uterine cancer in a later stage, it may have already spread to areas outside of your uterus, such as the cervix, lymph nodes, pelvic area, bladder, or rectum. Symptoms that may appear in the advanced stages include: Pain during sex Difficulty or painful urination Pelvic pain or pressure Unexplained weight loss It's important to note that symptoms of uterine cancer are similar to symptoms of other health conditions. If you experience vaginal bleeding after menopause, it could also be due to uterine atrophy, a noncancerous health condition. Uterine cancer only causes about 10-20% of abnormal vaginal bleeding cases. Because there is no screening test for uterine cancer, you should bring up any concerning symptoms with your healthcare provider. Several factors put you at greater risk of developing uterine cancer. These include: Older age Obesity Use of estrogen-only birth control or hormone replacement therapy Early menarche (beginning menstruation at an early age) Late menopause Nulliparity (never being pregnant) Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) High blood pressure Diabetes If you have any of these risk factors and are experiencing symptoms of uterine cancer, it's important to make an appointment with your primary healthcare provider or OB-GYN (a doctor who specializes in female reproductive health) as soon as possible. Uterine cancer affects the uterine lining in people assigned female at birth. This condition can cause symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding, heavier periods, pelvic pain, and difficulty urinating. Symptoms often worsen as the cancer progresses, so it's important to get an early diagnosis. If you're experiencing symptoms of uterine cancer or notice changes to your reproductive health, contacting your healthcare provider is an essential step for your overall well-being.Thanks for your feedback!
Comments
Post a Comment