Tumor initiation and early tumorigenesis: molecular mechanisms and interventional targets

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esophageal small cell carcinoma :: Article Creator

Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Survival Trends Show Demographic Disparities

The risk of mortality due to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the upper esophagus is higher in men vs women and among non-Hispanic Black patients compared with other racial groups, according to results of a retrospective study published in Diseases of the Esophagus.

Esophageal malignancies, of which SCC and adenocarcinoma are predominant subtypes, comprise 3% of cancers globally and are characterized by significant health challenges and poor survival rates.

To assess demographic factors associated with survival trends in patients with SCCE, researchers analyzed data from the National Cancer Institute's surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database.

Eligible study patients were those aged 45 years and older who were diagnosed with SCC of the upper one-third of the esophagus between 2000 and 2020. They were classified into 10-year age groups, beginning at 45 years and continuing through 85 years and older. The researchers collected information on demographic characteristics, including patient sex, race and ethnicity, median household income, and rurality of residence. The main outcome variable was survival status.

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This population-based study offers important insights into the demographic disparities in survival trends among patients with SCC of the upper esophagus.

The final analysis included 2821 patients, of whom 32% were aged 65 to 74 years, 64% were men, and 60% were non-Hispanic White.

According to a multivariable logistic model, significant predictors of survival in patients with SCC of the upper esophagus included race (P <.001), age (P =.002), and sex (P =.048).

The risk of mortality in non-Hispanic Black patients was nearly 2-fold higher than that of Hispanic patients (odds ratio [OR], 1.88; P =.002) with the same age, sex, median household income, and rurality status. Further analysis showed significantly increased risk of mortality in patients aged 85 years and older vs 45 to 54 years (OR, 1.76; P =.030) and in men vs women (OR, 1.23; P =.048) when all other variables were constant.

The researchers constructed a nonparametric conditional inference tree to determine the most predictive variables of survival in patients with esophageal SCC. They identified race was the most significant variable (P =.012), followed by age (P =.012). Patients who identified as a race other than non-Hispanic Black and those aged younger than 75 years were more likely to be alive at the time of the analysis. The model had a predictive accuracy of approximately 82% (95% CI, 76.8-86.2).

Limitations of this study include its retrospective design, potential selection bias, and use of population-based data, which may reduce the generalizability of the findings.

"This population-based study offers important insights into the demographic disparities in survival trends among patients with SCC of the upper esophagus," the researchers noted. "The predictive models highlight the potential utility of race, age, and sex as indicators for assessing living status, aiding in risk stratification and patient management in clinical settings," they concluded.

This article originally appeared on Gastroenterology Advisor


Study Reveals Novel Insights Into The Molecular Pathology Of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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KAT8 Inhibition As Therapeutic Strategy For Esophageal Cancer

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Cancer

Feb. 18, 2025

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Researchers from Zhengzhou University and affiliated organizations published data from a study that aimed to assess the expression levels of histone modifier enzymes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

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